Pakistan Horticulture Development & Export Company (PHDEC) had inked an MOU with UAF, faisalabad

Pakistan Horticulture Development & Export Company (PHDEC) had inked an MOU with University of Agriculture Faisalabad, its sub campuses at TT Singh, Depalpur and College for Agriculture DG. Khan to build their capacity for introducing agribusiness related curricula and certificate courses for managers, supervisors, technicians and entrepreneurs. The ceremony was held at UAF VC Chamber along with signatories of the partner institutions and representative for Chief Executive PHDEC, Lahore.

The other objectives of MOU were to enhance the capacity of the partner institutions to introduce courses covering the fruit and vegetable handling techniques and fruit and vegetable processing and preservations. It is imperative to mention here that the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock (MINFAL), Government of Pakistan is executing Agribusiness Development and Diversification Project (ADDP) with the financial and technical assistance of Asian Development Bank (ADB) with the overall goal to support economic growth and employment generation through agribusiness development in the country and Pakistan Horticulture Development & Export Company (PHDEC) meant for undertaking the capacity building programs through the partner training institutions.

Wheat Diseases and Pests

Fungal Diseases

Leaf Rust (Brown Rust)

Stem Rust (Black Rust)

Stripe Rust (Yellow Rust)

Common and Dwarf Bunt (Stinking Smut)

Karnal Bunt (Partial Bunt)

Loose Smut

Flag Smut

Powdery Mildew

Septoria Tritici Blotch

Septoria Nodorum Blotch

Septoria Avenae Blotch

Spot Blotch (Helminthosporium Leaf Blotch)

Tan Spot (Yellow Leaf Spot or Blotch)

Alternaria Leaf Blight

Fusarium Leaf Blotch (Snow Mold)

Scab (Head Blight)

Ergot

Black Point

Downy Mildew

Take-All

Eyespot (Strawbreaker)

Sharp Eyespot and Rhizoctonia Root Rot

Common Root Rot, Foot Rot, and Crown Rot

Sclerotium Wilt (Southern Blight)

Black Molds (Sooty Molds)

Bacterial Diseases

Bacterial Black Chaff and Bacterial Stripe

Basal Glume Rot and Bacterial Leaf Blight

Bacterial Spike Blight (Yellow Ear Rot)

Viral Diseases

Barley Yellow Dwarf

Insect Pests

Aphids

Stink Bugs

Armyworms, Cutworms, and Stalk Borers

Cereal Leaf Beetle

Thrips

Hessian Fly

Wheat Stem Maggot

Sawfly

White Grubs

Wireworms

Slugs, Snails, Grasshoppers, and Crickets

Mites

Nematodes

Seed Gall Nematode (Wheat Nematode or Ear Cockle)

Cereal Cyst Nematode

Root Knot Nematode

Physiologic and Genetic Disorders

Physiological Leaf Spot

Melanism and Brown Necrosis (False Black Chaff)

Genetic Flecking

Hybrid Necrosis (Dwarf Clumping)

Mineral and Environmental Stresses

Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Deficiencies

Minor Element Deficiencies

Aluminum Toxicity

Salt Stress

Moisture Stress

Heat Stress

Herbicide Damage

Frost Damage

Stem Rust (Black Rust)

Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici

Symptoms: Pustules (containing masses of urediospores) are dark reddish brown, and may occur on both sides of the leaves, on the stems, and on the spikes (3). With light infections the pustules are usually separate and scattered, but with heavy infections they may coalesce. Prior to pustule formation, "flecks" may appear. Before the spore masses break through the epidermis, the infection sites feel rough to the touch; as the spore masses break through, the surface tissues take on a ragged and torn appearance.

Development: Primary infections are usually light and develop from wind-borne urediospores that may have travelled long distances. The disease can develop rapidly when free moisture (rain or dew) and moderate temperatures prevail. If temperatures average about 20C or more, the first generation of urediospores will be produced in 10-15 days. As plants mature, masses of black teliospores may be produced.

Hosts/Distribution: Stem rust can affect wheat, barley, triticale, and many other related grasses; it is found wherever temperate cereals are grown. The alternate hosts are Berberis and Mahonia spp.

Importance: If infection occurs during the early crop stages, the effects can be severe: reductions in tillering and losses in grain weight and quality. Under favorable conditions, complete crop loss can occur.

Stem Rust (Black Rust)

Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici

Symptoms: Pustules (containing masses of urediospores) are dark reddish brown, and may occur on both sides of the leaves, on the stems, and on the spikes (3). With light infections the pustules are usually separate and scattered, but with heavy infections they may coalesce. Prior to pustule formation, "flecks" may appear. Before the spore masses break through the epidermis, the infection sites feel rough to the touch; as the spore masses break through, the surface tissues take on a ragged and torn appearance.

Development: Primary infections are usually light and develop from wind-borne urediospores that may have travelled long distances. The disease can develop rapidly when free moisture (rain or dew) and moderate temperatures prevail. If temperatures average about 20C or more, the first generation of urediospores will be produced in 10-15 days. As plants mature, masses of black teliospores may be produced.

Hosts/Distribution: Stem rust can affect wheat, barley, triticale, and many other related grasses; it is found wherever temperate cereals are grown. The alternate hosts are Berberis and Mahonia spp.

Importance: If infection occurs during the early crop stages, the effects can be severe: reductions in tillering and losses in grain weight and quality. Under favorable conditions, complete crop loss can occur.